Desmond Tutu won the Nobel Peace Prize for opposing apartheid through moral witness rather than armed resistance — and spent the rest of his life being called too radical by conservatives and too moderate by revolutionaries. He chaired the Truth and Reconciliation Commission that tried to heal South Africa without vengeance, and he applied the same moral framework to criticize Israel, the Iraq War, and his own ANC government with equal ferocity.

This episode traces Tutu from his Johannesburg childhood through the Anglican priesthood, the anti-apartheid campaigns, the Nobel Prize, and the Truth and Reconciliation Commission that tested whether forgiveness could substitute for justice.

• Tutu’s childhood under apartheid and the Anglican priesthood that gave him a platform
• The anti-apartheid activism, the confrontations with the security forces, and the Nobel Prize
• The Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the radical experiment in restorative justice
• His post-apartheid criticism of the ANC, Israel, and Western foreign policy — offending every ally he had