Roger Penrose won the Nobel Prize for proving that black holes are an inevitable consequence of general relativity. But his most controversial claim has nothing to do with astrophysics. He argues that human consciousness arises from quantum processes in the brain, a theory most neuroscientists reject.

This episode examines his career from singularity theorems with Stephen Hawking to his bold hypothesis about microtubules and quantum coherence in neurons.

• His proof that black hole singularities are unavoidable under general relativity
• The Penrose tiling and its connection to quasicrystals
• Why he believes incompleteness theorems prove minds are not computers
• The Orchestrated Objective Reduction theory and the debate it provoked