Rudy Kurniawan was born in Jakarta in 1976, came to the United States as a student, and ignored a 2003 deportation order after his asylum bid failed. Within a few years he was reportedly spending up to one million dollars a month at wine auctions and pouring legendary bottles for elite collectors, who nicknamed him Dr. Conti for his obsession with Domaine de la Romanée-Conti. In a world that runs on social proof, lavish generosity served as his background check. In 2006 he consigned two record setting sales through Acker Merrall and Condit, then borrowed millions against his collection.

This episode follows how arithmetic, not anyone’s palate, exposed the largest wine counterfeiting scheme in history. He sold more magnums of a vintage than the estate ever made and offered bottles dated decades before a wine existed. Lawsuits and loan defaults followed, and on March 8, 2012, the FBI raided his home in Arcadia, California, and found a forgery lab of glue, corks, stamps, and labels soaking in the kitchen sink.

• Kurniawan sold eight magnums of 1947 Château Lafleur, though the estate had produced only five that year.
• Laurent Ponsot pulled a run of Clos Saint-Denis dated 1945 to 1971 from auction because his family did not begin making that wine until 1982.
• He blended cheap Napa Valley wine with inexpensive older Burgundy, using a little oxidized wine to mimic the taste of age.
• Convicted and sentenced to 10 years in 2014, he saw French winemakers testify by video link because the trial clashed with the grape harvest.
• Experts estimate up to 10,000 of his fakes may still sit in private cellars, and since his 2021 deportation he has been hired in Singapore to blend imitations of great vintages at private dinners.