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Stella Rimington was born Stella Whitehouse in South London in May 1935. During World War II her family moved to Essex and then to Barrow-in-Furness, whose shipyards drew heavy German bombing, and the raids left her with lifelong claustrophobia and a habit of always locating the exit. She graduated in English from the University of Edinburgh in 1958, trained in archive administration at Liverpool, and worked at the Worcester county record office and the India Office Library. In 1963 she married John Rimington. In New Delhi, where he was posted in 1965, she was asked to help with typing and found her boss was MI5’s representative in India. In 1969 she joined MI5 permanently.

Over two decades she worked in counter-espionage, counter-subversion and counter-terrorism, including an assistant director role during the 1979 DHSS computer strike. In 1989 she gave evidence against Czechoslovak spy Václav Jelínek from behind a screen as Miss J. As deputy director general she oversaw the move to Thames House, and in December 1991 she made the first friendly visit to the KGB in Moscow, then was made director general, the first whose name was publicly announced. In July 1993 she launched a 36-page booklet on MI5 with her own photograph inside. After retiring in 1996 she wrote a memoir and the Liz Carlisle thrillers, criticized ID cards and post-9/11 policy, and died in August 2025 at 90.

• She is described as the real-life inspiration for Judi Dench’s M in the James Bond films.
• Press photographers staked her out with telephoto lenses after her name was released.
• She credited writer Luke Jennings in her debut novel At Risk, prompting ghostwriting suspicions.
• As 2011 Man Booker chair she defended readability and compared hostile critics to the KGB.
• She and John separated in 1984 without divorcing and lived together again during the 2021 lockdowns.